process stack and memory leak

gdb.txt

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ Command: CTRL+p (key bindings)
     will move to previous command if focus is on src window.
 
 
-Command: winheight src -2
+Command: winheight src -2 (winheight or wh)
 
     To change the size of window passed as an argument. In
     this case, decrease by 2.

process-stack.txt

@@ -33,3 +33,101 @@ Section 7: Foundation of Processes (Part A):
 
 -> What is a Call stack?
    +++++++++++++++++++++ 
+
+
+  +--------+
+  |  main  |
+  +--------+
+  | square |-----/
+  +--------+     |
+                 |
+                 |
+                 |
+                 |
+                 |
+                 |
+                 \
+                Frame
+             +----------------+
+             | parameters     |
+             |  return address|
+             |  locals        |     *   Each Call stack has one section called as frame
+             |  exceptions    |         which contains the information for certain operations.
+             |                |         These operations are self explainatory as written. 
+             +----------------+
+
+-> Navigate the Call Stack with Backtrace:
+   ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
+
+
+        *    To know about the call stack of functions, we can use...
+
+                Command:
+                (gdb)bt
+            
+            This shows what are the function calls to trace back to the
+            beginning function, which is "main" in C and C++.
+
+        *   To know about the arguments and the value passed to the current
+            function in which we are present, we can use...
+
+                Command:
+                (gdb)info args
+
+        *   To know about the local variables of the current functions context,
+            we can use...
+            
+                Command:
+                (gdb)info locals
+
+
+        *   To know about the frame section of the function call stack, we can use:
+            
+                Command:
+                (gdb)info frame
+
+        *   To get us out of the function that we are currently in without terminating
+            the execution of the program.
+
+                Command:
+                (gdb)finish
+
+                or
+
+                (gdb)fin
+
+
+        *   To move up in the stack, i.e. moving to the context of the calling function
+            , we can use....
+
+                Command:
+                (gdb)up
+
+        *   To move up down the stack, i.e. moving to the context of the callee function
+            , we can use...
+
+                Command
+                (gdb)down
+
+
+        * Segmentation fault:
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
+
+
+          It is the section of memory which the program is trying to access
+          and it is out of bound.
+
+          For this kind of error, we get signal from kernel SIGSEGV.
+
+        *   Memory leak:
+            ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+            Failure to reclaim memory while our program runs.
+
+            We can also use tools like valgrind to detect memory leak issue.
+
+            Command:
+            $valgrind ./<program>
+            
+
+            We can also use Address-sanitizers