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Section 12: More Interactive Debugging --> complete
This commit is contained in:
135
Experimental-and-Advanced-Debugging-Techniques.adoc
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135
Experimental-and-Advanced-Debugging-Techniques.adoc
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= *Experimental and Advanced Debugging Techniques*
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=== Set a variable value
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To set or change the value of a variable in a program in current GDB session
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we can use command `(gdb)set var <variable>=<value>`.
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This can help us to see the behavior of the program under different circumstances and this feature avoid the need to do the explicit changes to the source code and compile it again.
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=== Reverse Debugging
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To go back to the previous instruction and revert the execution of
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current instruction w.r.t the source code, we can achieve this in GDB
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using on command `(gdb)target record-full`. This will record the
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execution of the commands and the changes in program from the instance
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when the above command was executed.
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This is helpful when we want to inspect something which has already happened in program execution. Due to this, we don't have to rerun the execution of the program under inspection from the start.
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We can go to the previous instruction using
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`(gdb)reverse-next`
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command.
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=== Debugging Multithreaded programs
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We can use GDB to debug multi-threaded program as well.
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In GDB, as the new thread are generated in program the output in GDB is somewhat look as shown below:
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[source,]
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----
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Temporary breakpoint 2, main () at thread.cpp:26
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26 int main() {
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(gdb) n
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34 std::vector< std::thread > threads;
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(gdb) n
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35 for( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ ) {
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(gdb) n
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36 threads.push_back( std::thread( lamda, i ) );
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(gdb) n
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[New Thread 0x7ffff77ff6c0 (LWP 16236)]
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Hello from thread!140737345746624
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Argument passed in: 0
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35 for( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ ) {
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(gdb) n
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36 threads.push_back( std::thread( lamda, i ) );
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(gdb) n
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[New Thread 0x7ffff6ffe6c0 (LWP 16243)]
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Hello from thread!140737337353920
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Argument passed in: 1
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35 for( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ ) {
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(gdb) n
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36 threads.push_back( std::thread( lamda, i ) );
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(gdb) n
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[Thread 0x7ffff77ff6c0 (LWP 16236) exited]
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[New Thread 0x7ffff67fd6c0 (LWP 16256)]
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Hello from thread!140737328961216
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Argument passed in: 2
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35 for( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ ) {
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(gdb) info threads
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Id Target Id Frame
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* 1 Thread 0x7ffff7e9a740 (LWP 16198) "threads" main () at thread.cpp:35
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3 Thread 0x7ffff6ffe6c0 (LWP 16243) "threads" 0x00007ffff78ecadf in __GI___clock_nanosleep (clock_id=clock_id@entry=0, flags=flags@entry=0,
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req=0x7ffff6ffdd60, rem=0x7ffff6ffdd60) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/clock_nanosleep.c:78
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4 Thread 0x7ffff67fd6c0 (LWP 16256) "threads" 0x00007ffff78ecadf in __GI___clock_nanosleep (clock_id=clock_id@entry=0, flags=flags@entry=0,
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req=0x7ffff67fcd60, rem=0x7ffff67fcd60) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/clock_nanosleep.c:78
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(gdb)
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----
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[NOTE]
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====
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1. To toogle between TUI mode and cmd mode, use `CTRL+x a`
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2. Command to disable tui `tui disable`.
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3. Command to enable tui `tui enable`.
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====
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To view the current thread that are in execution, use command `info threads`.
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To switch to particular thread execution in GDB use command `thread <thread-number>`
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*Locking the current thread*
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Although we can change the current state of execution in GDB to a particular thread execution, however, the spawning of new thread can disrupt our focus from the current thread in GDB.
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To avoid such case, we can use the below command:
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`set scheduler-locking on`
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This allow us to work on the current thread of interest.
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Note that this prevent the program from new thread as our current execution pointer is in the thread, instead of the parent thread which is spawning new child threads.
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For this we need to switch of the scheduler-locking using command:
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`set scheduler-locking off`
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And move our current execution pointer to the parent thread which spawning the new thread.
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*See all the threads*
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To watch every thread instance (by watch we mean the current state), we can use the command:
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`thread apply all <command>`
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For example, `<command>` here can be `bt` to see the backtrace of all the threads.
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=== Bookmarks and checkpoints (Save a snapshot of your program)
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Sometimes we might want to save a point the execution of the program at certain point and later we might want to return to that same exact point.
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This feat can using the command called `checkpoint`
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Use this command when you are on the line where you want to create the checkpoint in the program.
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*What does this command do?*
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This command internally in GDB, fork the process and save a snapshot of the whole process where the line where the checkpoint command got executed is also saved with the forked process and saved in GDB.
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To check the active checkpoints, use command:
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`info checkpoint`
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*Loading the checkpoint*
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Before the termination of current program under execution, we can go the checkpoint using below command:
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`restart <checkpoint-index>`
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Once the execution of the checkpoint loaded is finished, it is deleted from the GDB.
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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= *GDB Commands, Scripts and Workflow*
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=== Breakpoints and Commands -- save time![quote,Rūmī]++++.Title
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=== Breakpoints and Commands -- save time!
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In order to display some specific information when we reach a breakpoint,
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we can achieve this by `(gdb)command` command in gdb.
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@@ -15,4 +15,103 @@ End with a line saying just "end".
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----
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Here, the argument to "command" is the index of the breakpoint to which
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these print commands will be associated to.
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these print commands will be associated to.
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=== define your own commands
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In order to define bunch of command give it a name like a alias
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we can use `define <alias>`.
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[source,]
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----
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(gdb) define log
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Type commands for definition of "log".
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End with a line saying just "end".
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>info args
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>info frame
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>bt
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>end
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----
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[source,]
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----
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Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at array.c:34
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34 int main () {
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(gdb) log
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No arguments.
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Stack level 0, frame at 0x7fffffffe230:
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rip = 0x555555555217 in main (array.c:34); saved rip = 0x7ffff7c2a1ca
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source language c.
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Arglist at 0x7fffffffe220, args:
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Locals at 0x7fffffffe220, Previous frame's sp is 0x7fffffffe230
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Saved registers:
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rbp at 0x7fffffffe220, rip at 0x7fffffffe228
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#0 main () at array.c:34
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----
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To redefine the same alias like in the above example 'log' we can use
|
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the same command `define log`
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||||
=== gdb scripts
|
||||
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It is like a .vimrc for gdb.
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It is named as *.gdbinit* and it is defined in home (~/) directory
|
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and, if we want, can be overridden by defining the *.gdbinit*
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in the current directory.
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In this script, we can `define` command to define aliases and
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print some message, etc.
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=== Shell commands within GDB (shell, make and pipe)
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To run shell commands within GDB use keyword `shell` with respective
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shell command like `ls` as an argument.
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[source,]
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||||
----
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$ gdb ./main --silent
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Reading symbols from ./main...
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(gdb) shell ls
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add array assertion core.14804 gcore_example.c infinite.c leak.c main.c memory.c segfault.c
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add.c array.c assertion.cpp gcore_example infinite leak main memory segfault
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||||
----
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||||
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||||
We can also use `make` command within GDB to compile the excutable
|
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from gdb itself.
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||||
Now when you compile the executable within GDB using `make` command,
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there are two senario which arises.
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*Senario 1*
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_When the name of the program remain same._
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In this case, we can simply start the execution of program from
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the beginning again.
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Use `start` command to do so.
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|
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*Senario 2*
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_When the name of the program changes_
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In this cae, we can load the executable to the running gdb using `file`
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command and start the executation again.
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[source,]
|
||||
----
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(gdb)file ./<executable>
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----
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=== Edit source files within GDB
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||||
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||||
To edit current source in gdb without exiting out of the GDB session,
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we can use `edit` command to open the source file in editor to run the
|
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program. Make sure that the there is a environment variable `EDITOR=<editor-name>` defined and exported so that GDB can use it.
|
||||
[source,]
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----
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||||
(gdb)edit 5
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----
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||||
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Load the program again with successful compilation to see the changes made.
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534
GDB-Commands-Scripts-Workflow.html
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534
GDB-Commands-Scripts-Workflow.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.20">
|
||||
<title>GDB Commands, Scripts and Workflow</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
|
||||
/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
|
||||
/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
|
||||
html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
||||
a{background:none}
|
||||
a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
|
||||
a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
|
||||
h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
|
||||
b,strong{font-weight:bold}
|
||||
abbr{font-size:.9em}
|
||||
abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none}
|
||||
dfn{font-style:italic}
|
||||
hr{height:0}
|
||||
mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
|
||||
code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
|
||||
pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
||||
q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
|
||||
small{font-size:80%}
|
||||
sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
|
||||
sup{top:-.5em}
|
||||
sub{bottom:-.25em}
|
||||
img{border:0}
|
||||
svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
|
||||
figure{margin:0}
|
||||
audio,video{display:inline-block}
|
||||
audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
|
||||
fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
|
||||
legend{border:0;padding:0}
|
||||
button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
|
||||
button,input{line-height:normal}
|
||||
button,select{text-transform:none}
|
||||
button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
|
||||
button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
|
||||
input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0}
|
||||
button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
|
||||
textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
|
||||
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
|
||||
*,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box}
|
||||
html,body{font-size:100%}
|
||||
body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
|
||||
a:hover{cursor:pointer}
|
||||
img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
|
||||
object,embed{height:100%}
|
||||
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
|
||||
.left{float:left!important}
|
||||
.right{float:right!important}
|
||||
.text-left{text-align:left!important}
|
||||
.text-right{text-align:right!important}
|
||||
.text-center{text-align:center!important}
|
||||
.text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
|
||||
.hide{display:none}
|
||||
img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
|
||||
textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
|
||||
select{width:100%}
|
||||
.subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em}
|
||||
div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0}
|
||||
a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
|
||||
a img{border:0}
|
||||
p{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
||||
p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
|
||||
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em}
|
||||
h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0}
|
||||
h1{font-size:2.125em}
|
||||
h2{font-size:1.6875em}
|
||||
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
|
||||
h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
|
||||
h6{font-size:1em}
|
||||
hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em}
|
||||
em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
||||
ul,ol,dl{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
|
||||
ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
|
||||
ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
|
||||
ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
|
||||
ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
|
||||
ul.square{list-style-type:square}
|
||||
ul.circle ul:not([class]),ul.disc ul:not([class]),ul.square ul:not([class]){list-style:inherit}
|
||||
ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
|
||||
dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
|
||||
dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
||||
blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
|
||||
blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
||||
@media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}
|
||||
h1{font-size:2.75em}
|
||||
h2{font-size:2.3125em}
|
||||
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
|
||||
h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
|
||||
table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal}
|
||||
table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
|
||||
table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
|
||||
table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
|
||||
table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7}
|
||||
table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{line-height:1.6}
|
||||
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
|
||||
h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
|
||||
.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
|
||||
.stretch{width:100%}
|
||||
.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
|
||||
.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
|
||||
:not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
|
||||
:not(pre).nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
|
||||
:not(pre).pre-wrap{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
||||
:not(pre):not([class^=L])>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background:#f7f7f8;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
|
||||
pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
|
||||
pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
pre>code{display:block}
|
||||
pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
|
||||
em em{font-style:normal}
|
||||
strong strong{font-weight:400}
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|
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|
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|
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body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.18.3/styles/github.min.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1><strong>GDB Commands, Scripts and Workflow</strong></h1>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="breakpoints-and-commandssave-time"><a class="anchor" href="#breakpoints-and-commandssave-time"></a>Breakpoints and Commands — save time!</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In order to display some specific information when we reach a breakpoint,
|
||||
we can achieve this by <code>(gdb)command</code> command in gdb.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-none hljs">(gdb) command 1
|
||||
Type commands for breakpoint(s) 1, one per line.
|
||||
End with a line saying just "end".
|
||||
>print arr
|
||||
>print size
|
||||
>end</code></pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Here, the argument to "command" is the index of the breakpoint to which
|
||||
these print commands will be associated to.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="define-your-own-commands"><a class="anchor" href="#define-your-own-commands"></a>define your own commands</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In order to define bunch of command give it a name like a alias
|
||||
we can use <code>define <alias></code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-none hljs">(gdb) define log
|
||||
Type commands for definition of "log".
|
||||
End with a line saying just "end".
|
||||
>info args
|
||||
>info frame
|
||||
>bt
|
||||
>end</code></pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-none hljs">Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at array.c:34
|
||||
34 int main () {
|
||||
(gdb) log
|
||||
No arguments.
|
||||
Stack level 0, frame at 0x7fffffffe230:
|
||||
rip = 0x555555555217 in main (array.c:34); saved rip = 0x7ffff7c2a1ca
|
||||
source language c.
|
||||
Arglist at 0x7fffffffe220, args:
|
||||
Locals at 0x7fffffffe220, Previous frame's sp is 0x7fffffffe230
|
||||
Saved registers:
|
||||
rbp at 0x7fffffffe220, rip at 0x7fffffffe228
|
||||
#0 main () at array.c:34</code></pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To redefine the same alias like in the above example 'log' we can use
|
||||
the same command <code>define log</code></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="gdb-scripts"><a class="anchor" href="#gdb-scripts"></a>gdb scripts</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is like a .vimrc for gdb.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is named as <strong>.gdbinit</strong> and it is defined in home (~/) directory
|
||||
and, if we want, can be overridden by defining the <strong>.gdbinit</strong>
|
||||
in the current directory.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In this script, we can <code>define</code> command to define aliases and
|
||||
print some message, etc.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="shell-commands-within-gdb-shell-make-and-pipe"><a class="anchor" href="#shell-commands-within-gdb-shell-make-and-pipe"></a>Shell commands within GDB (shell, make and pipe)</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2025-10-25 20:01:40 +0530
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.18.3/highlight.min.js"></script>
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||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
9
GDB-Debug-cycle-Rerunning-and-Reviewing.adoc
Normal file
9
GDB-Debug-cycle-Rerunning-and-Reviewing.adoc
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||
= *GDB Debug Cycle -- Rerunning and reviewing software*
|
||||
|
||||
To disable all the breakpoints applied, use command `disable`.
|
||||
|
||||
To enable it again, we can use the command `enable`.
|
||||
|
||||
To load the executable with new updated symbols due to the changes in the source code, we can use command `file ./<executable>`.
|
||||
|
||||
This way don't need to create a new session of GDB each time we compile the source code with updated changes.
|
||||
24
GDB-and-Python-Basics.adoc
Normal file
24
GDB-and-Python-Basics.adoc
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
|
||||
= *GDB and Python Basics*
|
||||
|
||||
=== Using Python within GDB
|
||||
|
||||
Different ways to invoke python in GDB.
|
||||
[source,]
|
||||
----
|
||||
(gdb) python
|
||||
>print('hi')
|
||||
>end
|
||||
hi
|
||||
(gdb) python print('hi')
|
||||
hi
|
||||
(gdb) pi
|
||||
>>> print('hi')
|
||||
hi
|
||||
>>>
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
To exit out of python interactive mode in GDB we can use Ctrl-D.
|
||||
|
||||
We can write python script using gdb library in python to automate
|
||||
some functionality in gdb and execute the python script in gdb
|
||||
using `(gdb)source <python-file>` command.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user