Section 6: GDB Text User Interface (TUI):
-----------------------------------------

-> GDB the Text User Interface (TUI):
   +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

   To run gdb along with the source code for easy analysis
   along the program execution in CLI, we can use TUI.

   * To open gdb along with TUI...

        Command:
        $ gdb --tui ./<program-name>

   * If gdb is already in execution and to open source code for
     when there is already a program which is being debugged.

        Command:
        (gdb) layout src

        Note:
            To checkout what other things layout command perform.

            (gdb) help layout

        Keybindings:
        To cycle through various layout we use.

        Key-Bind:
        CTRL + x -- 2

    * To navigate through windows if there is different window
      present, for example, having source code and GDB CLI
      window, we can use:

      Key-Bind:
      CTRL + x -- o

    * To achieve the same feat without using this key binds and
      using only commands, we can use:

      Command:
      (gdb) focus cmd   -> To focus to gdb CLI
        
        OR

      (gdb) focus src   -> To focus on source code.
      
        
        Note:
        If the focus is on source window and we want to
        navigate to previous or next command on gdb CLI.

        We can use:

        Key-binds:

        CTRL + p    -> To previous command
        CTRL + n    -> To next command

    * To resize the windows, we can use:

      Command:
      (gdb) winheight <window-name>  <value by which we to change the size>

        For ex:
        (gdb) winheight src -2

            To shrink the size of source window by 2.
          

    Note:

    Sometimes while executing some command our screen gets
    messed up due the execution of program which is being
    debugged. To clear the mess and make it look clean
    we can use..

    Command:
    (gdb) refresh 

    Key-bind:
    CTRL + l


-> Redirecting output from GDB (to another file or terminal):
   ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    *  While analysing the program under gdb with TUI, executing
       commands can mess up the UI making it sometime frustrating
       to debug. Instead, we can redirect the output of the
       program in gdb to other terminal using...

        
        Command:
        tty
            (Remember to type this command in another terminal.

       To allow the output to be redirected from gdb to the terminal
       where the above command is executed we can use...

       Command:
       (gdb)tty /dev/pts/<num>

       Now because of the above operation all the gdb output will
       be redirected to the other intended terminal.

    * If we want to capture the content to a file and save we can
      use command:

      Command:
      (gdb)run > <filename> 

-> Conditional Breakpoints:
   ++++++++++++++++++++++++

   * There are 2 types of breakpoints that we have learnt till
     now and that are:
     1. Temporary breakpoint
            Stop the execution only once.

     2. breakpoint (permanent breakpoint)
            Stop the execution each time the breakpoint got hit
            and remains until the current gdb session or explicitly
            deleted.

     There is another type of breakpoint that we can use.
     
     ==Conditional breakpoint==

     This breakpoint will stop the execution only when certain
     condition that we define is met.


        Command:
        br <line-number> if <conditions>

            The <conditions> should follow the C syntax.

            For ex:

            br 9 if i > 343 
                Where i is some variable which is present in
                the source.

    Note:
        
        To delete any breakpoint of any type use...
        Command:

        delete <num>
            where <num> is the index number of breakpoints
            when we print the list of breakpoint using 
            command >>> info breakpoint <<<


-> More ways to continue and step through code (advance, and until):
   +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 


   Command:
   (gdb)advance <args>
        Here, <args> can be function name, line numbers.

   * This command is used to advance our program execution till certain points.

   Command:
   (gdb)until <args>
        Here, <args> can be numbers.

    * This command will execute the program until we reach the location which
      is passed as an argument to the command.

   Command:
   (gdb)jump <args>

        Here, <args> is a address.

    * This is helpful in terms of asm code and we can jump to certain location
      in code, directly. However, giving random address will give output that
      no function is defined in this address and providing illegal address 
      leads to crash in program.

-> Watching (watch and rwatch) Variables:
   ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
    
    These are great tools to inspect the memory locations and break the execution
    when there is a read or write operation performed on these memory locations.

    Command:
    (gdb)watch <expr>
        where <expr> can be a variable name.

        This command is used to watch a memory location when there is a change
        or write operation is performed in it.

    (gdb)rwatch <expr>
        
        This command is used to watch a memory location when there is a read
        operations is performed in it.

-> Breakpoints Part 2 (enable, disable and save breakpoint):
   +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 


   Lets say while analyzing a program under gdb, we have created lot of breakpoints
   and for the the time being we don't want to stop at each breakpoints we created,
   but we also don't want to delete it.
   
   For that, we can disable the breakpoint.

   Command:
   (gdb)disable <num>
        where <num> represent the index of the breakpoint.

   To enable the break point we can use...
   
   Command:
   (gdb)enable <num>


   Lets say we are exiting out of the gdb for some reason, but we don't want
   to again create all the breakpoints and we can save it somewhere it 
   might be helpful to use it later.

   Command:
   (gdb)save breakpoints <filename>

    It will save all the breakpoints with it current snapshot and we can use it for
    latter.

   To load the saved breakpoints later, we can use...
   
   Command:
   (gdb)source <filename>


-> Display and undisplay:
   ++++++++++++++++++++++ 

   * To display the value of certain variable when the execution stop at certain
     point after the latest command, we can use...

     Command:
     (gdb) display <expr>

        where <expr> can be variable, address of variable..

   * To see the list of current expression to display.

     Command:
     (gdb)info display

   * To undisplay the expressions if we want to, we can use...

     Command:
     (gdb)undisplay <index>

        where <index> correponds to particular expression
        which is used for display.

   * To display the value of expression under expections.

     Command:
     (gdb) display /b <expr>


-> Getting help in GDB (info):
   +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 

   To know about gdb and its command:

   Use: 
   $man gdb 
    This is the manual for gdb


   To know about gdb commands.

   Command:
   (gdb)help <command>
   display the relivant command and information regarding that.

   To know get more detailed information.
   (gdb)apropos <command>